EST Test 1 (Reading)

1 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A. John Reed openly expresses his dislike for the main character.

B. The main character is unwelcome in the household and constantly suffers from harassment.

C. The main character regularly seeks to engage in mischief.

D. The main character was harmed by John Reed.

2 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

2. John Reed tone in the beginning of the passage is that of

A. ambivalence and caution.

B. resignation and compliance.

C. rage and indignation.

D. naivety and optimism.

3 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

3. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 41-44 (“Habitually” …“roots”)

B. Lines 51-53 (“I”…“chair”)

C. Lines 60-63 (“Accustomed”…“insult”)

D. Lines 89-91 (“The”…“succeeded”)

4 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

4. In lines 1-6, the author most likely mentions these details to

A. discredit John Reed’s actions delineated later in the passage.

B. accentuate John Reed’s wickedness and subsequent actions.

C. describe a character’s appearance as an introduction.

D. draw a contrast between John Reed and the main character.

5 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

5. The main character mentions “the Roman emperors” in lines 94-95 to imply that imply that

A. John Reed shares traits with previous historical tyrants.

B. John Reed is powerful and unforgiving.

C. the main character both fears and despises John Reed

D. John Reed views himself as a ruler.

6 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

6. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 85-89 (“I”… “it”)

B. Lines 93-95 (“Wicked”…“emperors”)

C. Lines 96-98 (“I”… “etc”)

D. Lines 98-100 (“Also”…“aloud”)

7 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

7. Lines 96-97 mention that the main character has read “Goldsmith’s History of Rome” in order to

A. highlight the main character’s erudite integrity.

B. expose the main character’s ambivalent character.

C. express her interest in history and literature.

D. speculate the main character’s position within the househol.

8 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

8. As used in line 3, “stout” most nearly means

A. determine

B. tough.

C. fat.

D. firm.

9 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

9. In line 12, the phrase “on account of his delicate health” is placed in quotation marks

A. to emphasize John Reed’s weak physique.

B. to contradict the sentence that follows.

C. as an opportunity to empathize with John Reed.

D. as a stylistic device to express sarcasm and disdain.

10 / 52

	The following passage is an excerpt		disgusting and ugly appearance of him
	from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brönte		who would presently deal it. I wonder if
	about a young orphan girl and her		he read that notion in my face; for, all at
	experience in the household she grew up	50	once, without speaking, he struck
	in.		suddenly and strongly. I tottered, and
			on regaining my equilibrium retired
	John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen		back a step or two from his chair.
	years old; four years older than I, for I
	was but ten: large and stout for his age,		“That is for your impudence in
	with a dingy and unwholesome skin;	55	answering mama awhile since,” said he,
5	thick lineaments in a spacious visage,		“and for your sneaking way of getting
	heavy limbs and large extremities. He		behind curtains, and for the look you
	gorged himself habitually at table,		had in your eyes two minutes since, you
	which made him bilious, and gave him a		rat!”
	dim and bleared eye and flabby	60	Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I
	cheeks. He ought now to have been at		never had an idea of replying to it; my
10	school; but his mama had taken him		care was how to endure the blow which
	home for a month or two, “on account		would certainly follow the insult.
	of his delicate health.” Mr. Miles, the		“What were you doing behind the
	master, affirmed that he would do very	65	curtain?” he asked.
	well if he had fewer cakes and		“I was reading.”
15	sweetmeats sent him from home; but the		“Show the book.”
	mother’s heart turned from an opinion		I returned to the window and fetched it
	so harsh, and inclined rather to the more		thence.
	refined idea that John’s sallowness was	70	“You have no business to take our
	owing to over-application and, perhaps,		books; you are a dependent, mama says;
20	to pining after home.		you have no money; your father left you
			none; you ought to beg, and not to live
	John had not much affection for his		here with gentlemen’s children like us,
	mother and sisters, and an antipathy to	75	and eat the same meals we do, and wear
	me. He bullied and punished me; not		clothes at our mama’s expense. Now,
	two or three times in the week, nor once		I’ll teach you to rummage my
25	or twice in the day, but continually:		bookshelves: for they are mine; all the
	every nerve I had feared him, and every		house belongs to me, or will do in a few
	morsel of flesh in my bones shrank	80	years. Go and stand by the door, out of
	when he came near. There were		the way of the mirror and the windows.”
	moments when I was bewildered by the		I did so, not at first aware what was his
30	terror he inspired, because I had no		intention; but when I saw him lift and
	appeal whatever against either his		poise the book and stand in act to hurl it,
	menaces or his inflictions; the servants	85	I instinctively started aside with a cry of
	did not like to offend their young master
	by taking my part against him, and Mrs.		alarm: not soon enough, however; the
35	Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:		volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell,
	she never saw him strike or heard him		striking my head against the door and
	abuse me, though he did both now and		cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was
	then in her very presence, more	90	sharp: my terror had passed its climax;
	frequently, however, behind her back.		other feelings succeeded.
40			“Wicked and cruel boy!” I said. “You
	Habitually obedient to John, I came up		are like a murderer—you are like a
	to his chair: he spent some three minutes		slave-driver—you are like the Roman
	in thrusting out his tongue at me as far	95	emperors!”
			I had read Goldsmith’s History of
	as he could without damaging the roots:		Rome, and had formed my opinion of
	I knew he would soon strike, and while		Nero, Caligula, etc. Also I had drawn
45	dreading the blow, I mused on the		parallels in silence, which I never
		100	thought thus to have declared aloud.

10. As used in line 45, “strike” most nearly means

A. ignite.

B. hit.

C. seem.

D. agree on.

11 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

11. In line 7, the author describes Kepler’s theories as “fanciful” and “speculative” to indicate that

A. his theories were conventional.

B. his theories were based on facts.

C. Kepler often used his imagination in science.

D. Kepler was wary of his theories.

12 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

12. According to the passage, Kepler’s personality could best be described as

A. selfish and unrelenting.

B. timid and unobtrusive.

C. proud and obstinate.

D. hypocritical and defensive.

13 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

13. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 17-19 (“but”…“ingratitude”)

B. Lines 19-24 (“He”…“assistant”)

C. Lines 31-38 (“Kepler”…“medicine”)

D. Lines 56-61 (“The”… “wrong”)

14 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

14. As used in line 14, “want” most nearly means

A. yearning.

B. desire.

C. need.

D. lack.

15 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

15. According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

A. Kepler obtained two years of paid leave from Gratz endorsed by the Emperor.

B. Kepler and Tycho experienced friction due to financial tension.

C. Tycho attempted to persuade Kepler to join him in Prague.

D. Due to an ailment, Kepler did not reach Prague on time.

16 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

16. According to the passage, Kepler suffered most of his life from

A. being financially unstable.

B. a lack of opportunities.

C. disrespectful colleagues.

D. constant dismissals from work.

17 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

17. The passage is most likely written for an audience that

A. is mildly familiar with astronomers.

B. has no prior background on astronomers.

C. is conducting thorough historical research on key astronomers.

D. is uninterested in astronomers.

18 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

18. The Emperor most likely endorsed Kepler and other astrologists because

A. he believed it was essential for an emperor to participate in science.

B. he wanted his name to go down in history alongside the future scientific discoveries.

C. he had extra finances available in his treasury.

D. he insisted that no discoveries should be made without his knowledge.

19 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

19. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 24-30 (“An” … “Emperor”)

B. Lines 74-80 (“The”…“expenses”)

C. Lines 88-93 (“Very”… “work”)

D. Lines 103-107 (“He”… “ideas”)

20 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

20. As used in line 94, “post” most nearly means

A. station.

B. pole.

C. mail.

D. position.

21 / 52

	The following passage is taken from		question of priority and did not involve
	Kepler by Walter W. Bryant discussing		any support of the system, which he
	Kepler’s relationship with Tycho, a	55	deemed far inferior to that of
	fellow astronomer.		Copernicus. The following year saw
			friction between the two astronomers,
	The association of Kepler with Tycho		and we learn from Kepler’s abject letter
	was one of the most important		of apology that he was entirely in the
	landmarks in the history of astronomy.	60	wrong. It was about money matters,
	The younger man hoped, by the aid of		which in one way or another embittered
5	Tycho’s planetary observations, to		the rest of Kepler’s life, and it arose
	obtain better support for some of his		during his absence from Prague. On his
	fanciful speculative theories, while the		return in September, 1601, Tycho
	latter, who had certainly not gained in	65	presented him to the Emperor, who gave
	prestige by leaving Denmark, was in		him the title of Imperial Mathematician,
10	great need of a competent staff of		on condition of assisting Tycho in his
	assistants. Of the two it would almost		calculations, the very thing Kepler was
	seem that Tycho thought himself the		most anxious to be allowed to do: for
	greater gainer, for in spite of his	70	nowhere else in the world was there
	reputation for brusqueness and want of		such a collection of good observations
15	consideration, he not only made light of		sufficient for his purpose of reforming
	Kepler’s apology in the matter of		the whole theory of astronomy.
	Reymers, but treated him with uniform
	kindness in the face of great rudeness		The Emperor’s interest was still mainly
	and ingratitude. He begged him to come	75	with astrology, but he liked to think that
20	“as a welcome friend,” though Kepler,		his name would be handed down to
	very touchy on the subject of his own		posterity in connection with the new
	astronomical powers, was afraid he		Planetary Tables in the same way as that
	might be regarded as simply a		of Alphonso of Castile, and he made
	subordinate assistant. An arrangement	80	liberal promises to pay the expenses.
25	had been suggested by which Kepler		Tycho’s other principal assistant,
	should obtain two years’ leave of		Longomontanus, did not stay long after
	absence from Gratz on full pay, which,		giving up the Mars observations to
	because of the higher cost of living in		Kepler, but instead of working at the
	Prague, should be supplemented by the	85	new lunar theory, suddenly left to take
30	Emperor; but before this could be		up a professorship of astronomy in his
	concluded, Kepler threw up his		native Denmark.
	professorship, and thinking he had
	thereby also lost the chance of going to		Very shortly afterwards Tycho himself
	Prague, applied to Maestlin and others		died of acute distemper; Kepler began to
35	of his Tübingen friends to make interest	90	prepare the mass of manuscripts for
	for him with the Duke of Wurtemberg		publication, but, as everything was
	and secure the professorship of		claimed by the Brahe family, he was not
	medicine. Tycho, however, still urged		allowed to finish the work. He
	him to come to Prague, promising to do		succeeded to Tycho’s post of principal
40	his utmost to secure for him a	95	mathematician to the Emperor, at a
	permanent appointment, or in any event		reduced official salary, which owing to
	to see that he was not the loser by		the emptiness of the Imperial treasury
	coming.		was almost always in arrears. In order to
			meet his expenses he had recourse to the
	Kepler was delayed by illness on the	100	casting of nativities, for which he
45	way, but ultimately reached Prague,		gained considerable reputation and
	accompanied by his wife, and for some		received very good pay. He worked by
	time lived entirely at Tycho’s expense,		the conventional rules of astrology, and
	writing by way of return essays against		was quite prepared to take fees for so
	Reymers and another man, who had	105	doing, although he had very little faith
50	claimed the credit of the Tychonic		in them, preferring his own fanciful
	system. This Kepler could do with a		ideas.
	clear conscience, as it was only a

21. The graph helps support which of the following arguments?

A. Despite Kepler’s "fanciful" theories, he was ultimately successful in discovering orbital law.

B. Kepler only focused on one aspect of his theories and was unable to branch further.

C. With the help of the Emperor, Kepler formed his third law in science.

D. Kepler’s law was out of the focus of astronomy.

22 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

22. The tone of the author in Passage 1 is one of

A. mild interest and openness.

B. awe and subjectivity.

C. disdain and judgement.

D. scientific objectivity

23 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

23. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 14-16 (“This”…“composition”)

B. Lines 21-22 (“There”…“him”)

C. Lines 22-28 (“Such”… “Alps”)

D. Lines 28-32 (“Not”… “scenery”)

24 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

24. The author of Passage 1 most likely uses a saying from an ancient Sanskrit poet to

A. outline the Himalaya’s beauty.

B. draw attention to the author’s erudite nature.

C. enlighten the reader on little known literature.

D. emphasize how the Himalayas are perceived from a certain perspective.

25 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

25. When the author mentions Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, he most likely expects the readers to

A. recognize key literary characters in order to understand the analogy.

B. research the two mentioned name to become more cultured.

C. cause discordance between the science of the mountains and literary characters.

D. test to what extent readers are familiar with classical literature.

26 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

26. All of the following are mentioned about the Himalayas EXCEPT that

A. the Himalayas are a mountain range.

B. a poet has written about its beauty.

C. the Himalayas can be both arid and fertile.

D. the mountains mostly consist of low foothills.

27 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

27. As used in line 19, “terminate” most nearly means

A. cut.

B. downsize.

C. end.

D. stop.

28 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

28. The main idea of Passage 2 is to

A. discuss the presence of rare birds in England and the reason for their diminishing numbers.

B. convince the reader that despite England’s bad climate, rare birds still live there.

C. persuade the reader of the existence of rare species that persist year round.

D. explain to the reader that it is often difficult to sight rare bird species in England

29 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

29. How does the style of Passage 1 differ from Passage 2?

A. Passage 1 is more narrative while Passage 2 is expository.

B. Passage 1 seeks to judge set codes while Passage 2 is more argumentative.

C. Passage 1 is rhetorical while Passage 2 is based on assertions.

D. Passage 1 is based on abstract ideas while Passage 2 focuses on the concrete.

30 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

30. Which of the following statements best describes the author of Passage 2’s perception of the human population’s effect on birds?

A. With growing cities, birds will always be in sight.

B. The rapid growing population in cities is causing bird species to die out.

C. Humans benefit species with their growing presence.

D. Humans share many habitats with birds.

31 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

31. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 65-67 (“Nevertheless”…“abundant”)

B. Lines 75-79 (“and”…“extinction”)

C. Lines 89-93 (“It”… “all”)

D. Lines 99-105 (“When”…“delight”)

32 / 52

	The first edited passage is from Birds of		which the hills have newly donned. The
	the Indian Hills by Douglas Dewar which		foliage is green and luxuriant. Waterfalls,
	discusses Himalayan bird habitat.		cascades, mighty torrents and rivulets
	Passage 2 taken from Birds in Town and	55	abound. Himachal has been converted
	Village by W. H. Hudson is about exotic		into fairyland by the monsoon rains.
	birds found in Britain.
			A remarkable feature of the Himalayas is
	Passage 1		the abruptness with which they rise from
			the plains in most places. In some parts
	Himalayan birds inhabit what is perhaps	60	there are low foothills; but speaking
	the most wonderful tract of country in the		generally the mountains that rise from the
	world. The Himalayas are not so much a		plain attain a height of 4000 or 5000 feet.
	chain of mountains as a mountainous
5	country, some eighty miles broad and		Passage 2
	several hundred long—a country
	composed entirely of mountains and		There are countries with a less fertile soil
	valleys with no large plains or broad		and a worse climate than ours, yet richer
	plateaux.	65	in bird life. Nevertheless, England is not
			poor; the species are not few in number,
10	There is a saying of an ancient Sanskrit		and some are extremely abundant.
	poet which, being translated into English,		Unfortunately many of the finer kinds
	runs: “In a hundred ages of the gods I		have been too much sought after;
	could not tell you of the glories of	70	persecuted first for their beauty, then for
	Himachal.” This every writer on things		their rarity, until now we are threatened
15	Himalayan contrives to drag into his		with their total destruction. As these
	composition. Some begin with the		kinds become unobtainable, those which
	quotation, while others reserve it for the		stand next in the order of beauty and
	last, and make it do duty for the epigram	75	rarity are persecuted in their turn; and in a
	which stylists assure us should terminate		country as densely populated as ours,
20	every essay.		where birds cannot hide themselves from
			human eyes, such persecution must
	There are some who quote the Indian		eventually cause their extinction.
	sage only to mock him. Such assert that	80	Meanwhile the bird population does not
	the beauties of the Himalayas have been		decrease. Every place in nature, like
	greatly exaggerated—that, as regards		every property in Chancery, has more
25	grandeur, their scenery compares		than one claimant to it—sometimes the
	unfavorably with that of the Andes, while		claimants are many—and so long as the
	their beauty is surpassed by that of the	85	dispute lasts all live out of the estate. For
	Alps. Not having seen the Andes, I am		there are always two or more species
	unable to criticize the assertion regarding		subsisting on the same kind of food,
30	the grandeur of the Himalayas, but I find		possessing similar habits, and frequenting
	it difficult to imagine anything finer than		the same localities. It is consequently
	their scenery.	90	impossible for man to exterminate any
			one species without indirectly benefiting
	As regards beauty, the Himalayas at their		some other species, which attracts him in
	best surpass the Alps, because they		a less degree, or not at all. This is
35	exhibit far more variety, and present		unfortunate, for as the bright kinds, or
	everything on a grander scale.	95	those we esteem most, diminish in
	The Himalayas are a kind of Dr. Jekyll		numbers the less interesting kinds
	and Mr. Hyde. They have two faces—the		multiply, and we lose much of the
	fair and the plain. In May they are at their		pleasure which bird life is fitted to give
40	worst. Those of the hillsides which are		us. When we visit woods, or other places
	not afforested are brown, arid, and	100	to which birds chiefly resort, in districts
	desolate, and the valleys, in addition to		uninhabited by man, or where he pays
	being unpleasantly hot, are dry and dusty.		little or no attention to the feathered
	The foliage of the trees lacks freshness,		creatures, the variety of the bird life
45	and everywhere there is a remarkable		encountered affords a new and peculiar
	absence of water, save in the valleys	105	delight. There is a constant succession of
	through which the rivers flow. On the		new forms and new voices; in a single
	other hand, September is the month in		day as many species may be met with as
	which the Himalayas attain perfection or		one would find in England by searching
50	something approaching it. The eye is		diligently for a whole year.
	refreshed by the bright emerald garment

32. As used in line 98, “fitted” most nearly means

A. provided.

B. positioned.

C. matched.

D. qualified.

33 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

33. The author references the “ugly duckling” in line 22 as a(n)

A. simile.

B. metaphor.

C. onomatopoeia.

D. personification.

34 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

34. Young Andrea was most content when

A. studying at school.

B. surrounded by pencils and papers.

C. reading and writing.

D. among his family.

35 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

35. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 13-17 (“But” … “well”)

B. Lines 26-30 (“He”…“old”)

C. Lines 34-36 (“It”… “play”)

D. Lines 36-41 (“He”…“customers”)

36 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

36. As used in line 27, “sharp” most nearly means

A. harsh.

B. intense.

C. distinct.

D. smart.

37 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

37. According to the passage, what is the best explanation as to why young Andrea was taken out of school?

A. Andrea was not doing well in school.

B. Andrea’s education was not important enough to have him continue.

C. It was uncommon for children of goldsmiths to receive higher education.

D. Andrea’s father did not support his education.

38 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

38. According to the passage, how did Cosimo initially feel about taking young Andrea as a pupil?

A. Cosimo was hesitant and did not entirely believe Barile’s praise.

B. Cosimo was fond of Andrea and was awed by his skills.

C. Cosimo was proud of Andrea’s work.

D. Cosimo was entirely against Andrea becoming his pupil.

39 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

39. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 65-66 (“The” … “absurd”)

B. Lines 70-74 (“But”…“been”)

C. Lines 74-77 (“He”…“patron”)

D. Lines 78-80 (“And”… “effort”)

40 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

40. According to the passage, what was special about Andrea as an up-and coming painter?

A. Andrea was respectful and listened to those who knew more than him.

B. Andrea was a quick learner and did not tire from drawing.

C. Andrea was originally a goldsmith.

D. Andrea was a timid child who loved to learn.

41 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

41. As used in line 80, “idle” most nearly means

A. meaningless.

B. trivial.

C. lazy.

D. unemployed.

42 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		Next door to the goldsmith’s shop there
	from Knight of Art: Stories of Italian		lived an old artist called Barile, who
	Painters by Amy Steedman on Andrea Del		began to take a great interest in little
	Sarto’s upbringing before becoming a	45	45 Andrea. Barile was not a great painter,
	famous painter.		but still there was much that he could
			teach the boy, and he was anxious to have
	Nowhere in Florence could a more honest		him as a pupil. So it was arranged that
	man or a better worker be found than		Andrea should enter the studio and learn
	Agnolo the tailor. True, there were once	50	50 to be an artist instead of a goldsmith.
	evil tales whispered about him when he
5	5 first opened his shop in the little street. It		For three years the boy worked steadily
	was said that he was no Italian, but a		with his new master, but by that time
	foreigner who had been obliged to flee		Barile saw that better teaching was
	from his own land because of a quarrel he		needed than he could give. So after much
	had had with one of his customers.	55	55 thought the old man went to the great
10	10 People shook their heads and talked		Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo, and
	mysteriously of how the tailor’s scissors		asked him if he would agree to receive
	had been used as a deadly weapon in the		Andrea as his pupil. “You will find the
	fight. But before long these stories died		boy no trouble,” he urged. “He has
	away, and the tailor, with his wife	60	60 wonderful talent, and already he has
15	15 Constanza, lived a happy, busy life, and		learned to mix his colors so marvelously
	brought up their six children carefully		that to my mind there is no artist in
	and well.		Florence who knows more about color
			than little Andrea.” Cosimo shook his
	Now out of those six children five were	65	65 head in unbelief. The boy was but a child,
	just the ordinary commonplace little ones		and this praise seemed absurd. However,
20	20 such as one would expect to meet in a		the drawings were certainly
	tailor’s household, but the sixth was like		extraordinary, and he was glad to receive
	the ugly duckling in the fairy tale—a		so clever a pupil.
	little, strange bird, unlike all the rest, who
	learned to swim far away and soon left	70	70 But little by little, as Cosimo watched the
25	25 the old commonplace home behind him.		boy at work, his unbelief vanished and
			his wonder grew, until he was as fond and
	The boy’s name was Andrea. He was		proud of his pupil as the old master had
	such a quick, sharp little boy that he was		been. “He handles his colors as if he had
	sent very early to school, and had learned	75	75 had fifty years of experience,” he would
	to read and write before he was seven		say proudly, as he showed off the boy’s
30	30 years old. As that was considered quite		work to some new patron.
	enough education, his father then took
	him away from school and put him to		And truly the knowledge of drawing and
	work with a goldsmith.		coloring seemed to come to the boy
		80	80 without any effort. Not that he was idle or
	It is early days to begin work at seven		trusted to chance. He was never tired of
35	35 years old, but Andrea thought it was quite		work, and his greatest joy on holidays
	as good as play. He was always perfectly		was to go off and study the drawings of
	happy if he could have a pencil and		the great Michelangelo and Leonardo da
	paper, and his drawings and designs were	85	85 Vinci. Often he would spend the whole
	really so wonderfully good that his		day copying these drawings with the
40	40 master grew to be quite proud of the child		greatest care, never tired of learning more
	and showed the work to all his customers.		and more.

42. The passage mentions all the following about Andrea EXCEPT that

A. he was different from the rest of the family.

B. he was exceptional at mixing colors.

C. he had little tolerance for criticism.

D. he studied off great works by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

43 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

43. The main idea of this passage is to

A. explore the effect of temperature on leaves.

B. discover the movements of leaves when exposed to certain temperatures.

C. reject a proposed hypothesis on inflected leaves.

D. bolster a hypothesis on leaf movement.

44 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

44. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 1-6 (“In” … “weather”)

B. Lines 6-9 (“I”…“efficient”)

C. Lines 45-51 (“A”… “122 of”)

D. Lines 69-75 (“In”… “reexpansion”)

45 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

45. The passage mentions all the following in the experiments
EXCEPT

A. the process of aggregation.

B. exposure to different temperatures.

C. the immersion of leaves in water.

D. the effect of the sun on the leaves.

46 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

46. According to the passage, what is different about Drosera leaves?

A. 130 oF causes inflection of the leaves.

B. Drosera leaves shrivel when exposed to intense heat.

C. Drosera leaves thrive in certain intense solutions in comparison to other leaves.

D. Drosera leaves are unaccustomed to heat compared to other leaves.

47 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

47. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 33-39 (“But”…“aggregation”)

B. Lines 51-57 (“It”…“inflection”)

C. Lines 90-91 (“This”…“inflection”)

D. Lines 102-105 (“In”…“respect”)

48 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

48. As used in line 46, “suspension” most nearly means

A. halt.

B. removal.

C. elimination.

D. exclusion.

49 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

49. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship of the first paragraph to the rest of the passage?

A. Challenge followed by debate

B. Specific instance followed by generalization

C. Postulation followed by trial

D. Prediction followed by analysis

50 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

50. The overall tone of the passage is best described as

A. indifferent.

B. objective.

C. emotional.

D. biased.

51 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

51. Comparing both graphs, which category remains relatively high as time passes?

A. In both experiments, cumulative area during normal temperatures remains relatively high.

B. In both experiments, cumulative area during warm temperatures remains relatively high.

C. In experiment 1, cumulative area during warm temperatures remains higher than cumulative area for normal temperatures in experiment 2.

D. Both experiments do not suggest any high categories as time passes.

52 / 52

	The following edited passage is taken		excited into movement by a solution of
	from Insectivorous Plants	55	the carbonate so strong that it would
	by Charles Darwin on leaves and		paralyze ordinary leaves and cause no
	temperature.		inflection.

	In my observations on Drosera		The exposure of the leaves for a few
	rotundifolia, the leaves seemed to be		minutes even to a temperature of 145 °F
	more quickly inflected over animal	60	does not always kill them; as when
	substances, and to remain inflected for a		afterwards left in cold water, or in a
5	longer period during very warm than		strong solution of carbonate of ammonia,
	during cold weather. I wished, therefore,		they generally, though not always,
	to ascertain whether heat alone would		become inflected; and the protoplasm
	induce inflection, and what temperature	65	within their cells undergoes aggregation,
	was the most efficient. Another		though the spheres thus formed are
10	interesting point presented itself,		extremely small, with many of the cells
	namely, at what degree life was		partly filled with brownish muddy
	extinguished; for Drosera offers unusual		matter. In two instances, when leaves
	facilities in this respect, not in the loss	70	were immersed in water, at a lower
	of the power of inflection, but in that of		temperature than 130 °F, which was then
15	subsequent re-expansion, and more		raised to 145 °F, they became during the
	especially in the failure of the		earlier period of immersion inflected, but
	protoplasm to become aggregated, when		on being afterwards left in cold water
	the leaves after being heated are	75	were incapable of re-expansion.
	immersed in a solution of carbonate of		Exposure for a few minutes to a
20	ammonia.		temperature of 145 °F sometimes causes
			some few of the more sensitive glands to
	As the hair-like tentacles are extremely		be speckled with the porcelain-like
	thin and have delicate walls, and as the	80	appearance; and on one occasion this
	leaves were waved about for some		occurred at a temperature of 140 °F. On
	minutes close to the bulb of the		another occasion, when a leaf was placed
25	thermometer, it seems scarcely possible		in water at this temperature of only 140 °F,
	that they should not have been raised		and left therein till the water cooled,
	very nearly to the temperature which the	85	every gland became like porcelain.
	instrument indicated. From the eleven		Exposure for a few minutes to a
	last observations we see that a		temperature of 150 °F generally produces
30	temperature of 130 to 30 °F never causes the		this effect, yet many glands retain a
	immediate inflection of the tentacles,		pinkish color, and many present a
	though a temperature from 120 °F to 125 °F		speckled appearance. This high
	quickly produces this effect. But the	90	temperature never causes true inflection;
	leaves are paralyzed only for a time by a		on the contrary, the tentacles commonly
35	temperature of 130 o 35 °F, as afterwards,		become reflexed, though to a less degree
	whether left in simple water or in a		than when immersed in boiling water;
	solution of carbonate of ammonia, they	95	and this apparently is due to their passive
	become inflected and their protoplasm		power of elasticity. After exposure to a
	undergoes aggregation. This great		temperature of 150 °F, the protoplasm, if
40	difference in the effects of a higher and		subsequently subjected to carbonate of
	lower temperature may be compared		ammonia, instead of undergoing
	with that from immersion in strong and	100	aggregation, is converted into
	weak solutions of the salts of ammonia;		disintegrated or pulpy discolored matter.
	for the former do not excite movement,		In short, the leaves are generally killed
5	whereas the latter act energetically. A		by this degree of heat; but owing to
	temporary suspension of the power of		differences of age or constitution, they
	movement due to heat is called by Sachs	105	vary somewhat in this respect. In one
	heat-rigidity; and this in the case of the		anomalous case, four out of the many
	sensitive-plant (Mimosa) is induced by		glands on a leaf, which had been
50	its exposure for a few minutes to humid		immersed in water raised to 156 °F,
	air, raised to 120 °F -122 °F. It deserves		escaped being rendered porcellanous;
	notice that the leaves of Drosera, after	110	and the protoplasm in the cells close
	being immersed in water at 130 °F, are		beneath these glands underwent some
			slight, though imperfect, degree of
			aggregation.

52. As used in line 101, “matter” most nearly means

A. content.

B. importance.

C. affair.

D. subs

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